Proposed Constitution Revisions
The following is my suggestion for a revised national Constitution that will enshrine the principles of our new Economic Democracy. It could serve as a starting point for a new Constitutional Summit that can look at how to prevent, for our progeny, the kinds of abuses we have seen under the present Constitution. Sadly, our present Constitution has been rendered a dead letter by the Patriot Act, Patriot Act II and the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012.
To the reader,
The hyperlinked sections in red are linked to and modified by the constitutional amendments that have been ratified to date.
The hyperlinked sections in blue are linked to and modified by the proposed amendments that follow.
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Second Constitution for the United States of America.
Article. I.
All
legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United
States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
The House of
Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the
People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the
Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State
Legislature.
No Person
shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five
Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not,
when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct
Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included
within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be
determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound
to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths
of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within
three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and
within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law
direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty
Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such
enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and
Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four,
Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina
five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.
When
vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority
thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
The House of
Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other
Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
The Senate of
the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen
by the Legislature thereof for six Years; and each Senator shall have
one Vote.
Immediately
after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall
be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators
of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of
the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class
at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every
second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or
otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive
thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the
Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.
No Person
shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and
been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when
elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
The Vice
President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have
no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Senate
shall chuse their other Officers, and also a
President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall
exercise the Office of President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all
Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or
Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief
Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence
of two thirds of the Members present.
Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend
further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any
Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and
Punishment, according to Law.
The Times,
Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall
be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at
any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
The Congress
shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law
appoint a different Day.
Each House
shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own
Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a
smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the
Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each
House may provide.
Each House
may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a
Member.
Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and
from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may
in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of
either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those
Present, be entered on the Journal.
Neither
House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other,
adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the
two Houses shall be sitting.
The Senators
and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be
ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They
shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be
privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their
respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any
Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other
Place.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the
Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the
Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the
Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during
such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a
Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the
House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments
as on other Bills.
Every Bill
which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall,
before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States: If
he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections
to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections
at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such
Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall
be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall
likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall
become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be
determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and
against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If
any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays
excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same
shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by
their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
Every Order,
Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of
Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be
presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take
Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of
Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case
of a Bill.
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes,
Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but
all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;
To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the
several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
To establish
an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of
Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign
Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
To provide
for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the
United States;
To establish
Post Offices and post Roads;
To promote
the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to
Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
Discoveries;
To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
To define and
punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against
the Law of Nations;
To declare
War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures
on Land and Water;
To raise and
support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer
Term than two Years;
To provide
and maintain a Navy;
To make Rules
for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
To provide
for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress
Insurrections and repel Invasions;
To provide
for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such
Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving
to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority
of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
To exercise
exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not
exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the
Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States,
and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the
Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts,
Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And
To make all
Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the
foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the
Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
The Migration
or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one
thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation,
not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
The Privilege
of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of
Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
No Bill of
Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless
in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
No Tax or
Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
No Preference
shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one
State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be
obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
No Money
shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by
Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of
all public Money shall be published from time to time.
No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United
States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall,
without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office,
or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
No State
shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of
Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any
Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any
Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of
Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
No State
shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on
Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's
inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any
State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United
States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control of the
Congress.
No State
shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops,
or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with
another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually
invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
Article. II.
The executive
Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall
hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice
President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:
Each State
shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number
of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which
the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or
Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be
appointed an Elector.
The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and
vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant
of the same State with themselves. And they shall make
a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which
List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the
Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The
President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of
Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be
counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President,
if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if
there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of
Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse
by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then
from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing
the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each
State having one Vote; A quorum for this purpose shall
consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of
all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice
of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the
Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more
who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from
them by Ballot the Vice President.
The Congress
may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and
the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same
throughout the United States.
No Person
except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time
of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of
President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not
have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a
Resident within the United States.
In Case of the Removal of the
President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge
the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice
President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death,
Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring
what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act
accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.
The President
shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall
neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have
been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument
from the United States, or any of them.
Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall
take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm)
that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States,
and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the
Constitution of the United States."
The President
shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of
the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the
United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer
in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties
of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to
grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in
Cases of Impeachment.
He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and
Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators
present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent
of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls,
Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose
Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be
established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such
inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts
of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
The President shall have Power to fill up all
Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting
Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
He shall from
time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and
recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and
expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either
of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of
Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he
shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that
the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the
United States.
The President, Vice President and all civil
Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for,
and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
Article. III.
The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested
in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as
the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of
the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior,
and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation, which
shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.
The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and
Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties
made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and
maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall be a
Party;--to Controversies between two or more States;-- between a State and
Citizens of another State,--between Citizens of different States,--between
Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and
between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or
Subjects.
In all Cases
affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a
State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have
original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the
supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both
as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the
Congress shall make.
The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of
Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where
the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any
State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law
have directed.
Treason against the United States,
shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their
Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason
unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on
Confession in open Court.
The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment
of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or
Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.
Article. IV.
Full Faith
and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and
judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws
prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be
proved, and the Effect thereof.
The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
A Person
charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from
Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive
Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to
the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into
another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged
from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered
up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour
may be due.
New States
may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be
formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be
formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the
Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
The Congress
shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations
respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and
nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims
of the United States, or of any particular State.
The United
States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of
Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application
of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be
convened), against domestic Violence.
Article. V.
The Congress,
whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose
Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of
two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing
Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes,
as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three
fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as
the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand
eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses
in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its
Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
Article. VI.
All Debts
contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this
Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this
Constitution, as under the Confederation.
This
Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in
Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the
Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or
Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and
the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial
Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound
by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no
religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or
public Trust under the United States.
Article. VII.
The
Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall
be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so
ratifying the Same.
The Word, "the," being
interlined between the seventh and eighth Lines of the first Page, the Word "Thirty"
being partly written on an Erazure in the fifteenth
Line of the first Page, The Words "is tried" being interlined between
the thirty second and thirty third Lines of the first Page and the Word
"the" being interlined between the forty third and forty fourth Lines
of the second Page.
Attest William Jackson Secretary
done in Convention by the Unanimous
Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of
the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto
subscribed our Names, etc.
|
The
Bill of Rights: A Transcription The Preamble to The Bill of Rights Congress of the United
States THE
Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting
the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or
abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should
be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government,
will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution. RESOLVED by the
Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in
Congress assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following
Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments
to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which Articles, when
ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all
intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution; viz. ARTICLES in
addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of
America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the
several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution. Note: The
following text is a transcription of the first ten amendments to the
Constitution in their original form. These amendments were ratified December
15, 1791, and form what is known as the "Bill of Rights." Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of
the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a
redress of grievances. A well regulated
Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the
people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. No Soldier shall, in time of peace
be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. The right of the people to be
secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable
searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue,
but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly
describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. No person shall be held
to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment
or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the
land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of
War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to
be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any
criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life,
liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property
be taken for public use, without just compensation. In all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial
jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed,
which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be
informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the
witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in
his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. Excessive bail shall not be
required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflicted. The enumeration in the
Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage
others retained by the people. The powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. |
Passed by
Congress March 4, 1794. Ratified February
7, 1795.
Note: Article
III, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 11.
Passed by
Congress December 9, 1803. Ratified June 15,
1804.
Note: A portion
of Article II, section 1 of the Constitution was superseded by the 12th
amendment.
The Electors shall meet in their
respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of
whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves;
they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in
distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make
distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted
for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they
shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of
the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; -- the President of
the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives,
open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; -- The person
having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if
such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no
person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not
exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of
Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in
choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation
from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a
member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a
majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. [And if the House of
Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall
devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the
Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the President. --]* The person having the greatest
number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number
be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have
a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall
choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be
necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office
of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
*Superseded by section 3 of the
20th amendment.
Passed by
Congress April 27, 1810. Ratified March 12,
1819.
Note: This
amendment was never proclaimed in 1919 by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
(an act of constructive fraud) after Virginia ratified, but this is not
required by the Constitution. This
amendment was also referenced in at least twenty-four state constitutions at
various dates.
If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive, or
retain any title of nobility or honour, or shall
without the consent of Congress, accept and retain any present, pension,
office, or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince, or
foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States,
and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or
either of them.
Passed by
Congress January 31, 1865. Ratified December
6, 1865.
Note: A portion
of Article IV, section 2, of the Constitution was superseded by the 13th
amendment.
Section 1.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Passed by
Congress June 13, 1866. Ratified July 9,
1868.
Note: Article I,
section 2, of the Constitution was modified by section 2 of the 14th amendment.
Section 1.
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State
wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge
the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any
State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of
law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the
laws.
Section 2.
Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to
their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State,
excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the
choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives
in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of
the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the
male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of
age,* and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for
participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein
shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall
bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one
years of age in such State.
Section 3.
No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of
President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the
United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a
member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of
any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to
support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in
insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the
enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove
such disability.
Section 4.
The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law,
including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in
suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the
United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred
in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for
the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and
claims shall be held illegal and void.
Section 5.
The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the
provisions of this article.
*Changed by section 1 of the 26th
amendment.
Passed by
Congress February 26, 1869. Ratified February
3, 1870.
Section 1.
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
Section 2.
The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Passed by
Congress July 2, 1909. Ratified February
3, 1913.
Note: Article I,
section 9, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 16.
Passed by
Congress May 13, 1912. Ratified April 8,
1913.
Note: Article I, section 3, of the Constitution was
modified by the 17th amendment.
Passed by
Congress December 18, 1917. Ratified January
16, 1919. Repealed by amendment 21.
Section 1.
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or
transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or
the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section 2.
The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as
provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
Passed by
Congress June 4, 1919. Ratified August
18, 1920.
The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
Passed by
Congress March 2, 1932. Ratified January
23, 1933.
Note: Article I,
section 4, of the Constitution was modified by section 2 of this amendment. In
addition, a portion of the 12th amendment was superseded by section 3.
Section 1.
The terms of the President and the Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th
day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d
day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article
had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.
Section 2.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall
begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a
different day.
Section 3.
If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the
President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become
President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for
the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to
qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President
shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein
neither a President elect nor a Vice President shall have qualified, declaring
who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall
be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice
President shall have qualified.
Section 4.
The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons
from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the
right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of
any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever
the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.
Section 5.
Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the
ratification of this article.
Section 6.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the
several States within seven years from the date of its submission.
Passed by
Congress February 20, 1933. Ratified December
5, 1933.
Section 1.
The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is
hereby repealed.
Section 2.
The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or Possession of
the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in
violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
Section 3.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided
in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof
to the States by the Congress.
Passed by
Congress March 21, 1947. Ratified February
27, 1951.
Section 1.
No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than
twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as
President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was
elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once.
But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President
when this Article was proposed by Congress, and shall not prevent any person
who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the
term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of
President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.
Section 2.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the
several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States
by the Congress.
Passed by
Congress June 16, 1960. Ratified March 29,
1961.
Section 1.
The District constituting the seat of Government of the
United States shall appoint in such manner as Congress may direct:
Section 2.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Passed by
Congress August 27, 1962. Ratified January
23, 1964.
Section 1.
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other
election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice
President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax
or other tax.
Section 2.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Passed by
Congress July 6, 1965. Ratified February
10, 1967.
Note: Article II,
section 1, of the Constitution was affected by the 25th amendment.
Section 1.
In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or
resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
Section 2.
Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President
shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a
majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
Section 3.
Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and
the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is
unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits
to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be
discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.
Section 4.
Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of
the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable
to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately
assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President
transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he
shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and
a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of
such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to
the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to
discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide
the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in
session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter
written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days
after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses
that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,
the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President;
otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
Passed by
Congress March 23, 1971. Ratified July 1,
1971.
Note: Amendment
14, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by section 1 of the 26th
amendment.
Section 1.
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or
older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of age.
Section 2.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Originally
proposed Sept. 25, 1789. Ratified May 7, 1992.
No law, varying the compensation for
the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an
election of representatives shall have intervened.
Proposed
Additional Amendments
Proposed.
All laws must be in agreement with
the principle to do unto others that which we would have done unto us and to
not do unto others that which we would not have done unto us. All of this Constitution and all statutory
laws, rulings and judgments that flow from it must be consistent with and abide
by this cornerstone law of love.
Proposed.
Section 1.
A Jury of twelve peers is now the
supreme pillar of government that supersedes the authority of the Judicial,
Executive and Legislative branches. This
amendment is intended to ensure accountability of all elected officials and
government employees. Jurors shall be of
at least the age of twenty-five, randomly selected from census and are not to
be excused for any reason other than poor physical or mental health with
supporting medical certification, or first-hand knowledge of the matter before
the courts. Jurors shall be paid what
they earn at their present employment.
No elected official or private citizen shall be immune from standing
trial by jury to answer to a sustained charge.
Section 2
The juror's duty is to vote on the
innocence or guilt of the charged person and on the Constitutional legitimacy
of the charge itself. Jurors shall be
the sole arbiters of what evidence will be ruled admissible or inadmissible and
may directly question any plaintiff or defendant, the purpose being to arrive
at the full truth.
Section 3.
The role of a judge in jury trials is
to referee and impose order upon the proceedings, to ensure that the jury
decisions and rationale are permanently recorded for judicial review in the
public record, and to advise the jury when asked.
Section 4.
Lawyers are not required by either
the plaintiff or defendant but either party may retain any councilor they so
choose. If they desire but cannot afford
council, the state will cover costs. The
losing party must bear court costs and financial judgments awarded by the jury
where applicable. This will serve as
incentive to avoid litigation.
Section 5.
Juries will have only five basic
verdicts; innocence, guilty but forgiven, guilty and financial restitution of
twice the loss a plaintiff suffers, guilty and banishment from the community to
at least two electoral districts away, or guilty and death. If a person is charged and convicted a second
time for substantially the same crime whose previous punishment was banishment
or restitution, guilty and death shall be the only verdict. Prisons are a breeding ground for criminality
and a form of punishment. Our society
desires rehabilitation. Criminal records
will only be revealed to jurors in the event of a trial so that no citizen will
be tainted in the eyes of his fellow man.
Let it be known that our mercy is great but our tolerance is low.
Section 6.
All juries must submit a written
verdict that articulates their reasoning per the requirements of the
Constitution and any statutory law that further refines its meaning. If a statute is found by the jury to be in
contradiction to the Constitution, the jury will find the defendant innocent,
the statute will be struck down and no restitution will be awarded to any
party.
Proposed.
Section 1.
Section 2.
Anyone who acts in collusion with any
party described in Section 1 herein is also guilty of Treason.
Section 3.
Any charge of Treason will be heard
by a Jury of twelve. The power of
Impeachment will have no authority or jurisdiction over crimes of Treason.
Proposed.
To prevent election fraud, all
election balloting is to be conducted as follows:
Voters must obtain a voter
registration card that must be mailed in advance to the voter's registered
address to ensure the vote is applied in the correct constituency;
Each voter may only register in one
constituency and administrative steps must be taken to ensure the principle of
one person, one vote across the entire nation;
When a voter presents him or herself
to vote, they must present valid photo identification and their voter
registration card. An elections officer
will validate the card against the voter list and confirm the voter's
identification with an indicated address that is in agreement with the voter
registration card;
Confirmed voters will be given a
ballot which contains the names of all eligible candidates, their political
affiliation or party, any propositions, a unique ballot identification number
and a carbon copy of the original ballot that shall serve as a receipt and
proof of their voting decision;
All ballots shall be hand-counted at
the voting station by at least three persons and at least two other persons
shall witness the proceedings; if any count is in disagreement, there shall be
a recount. The results of each ballot
shall be entered into a national public database that is accessible by anyone
via the internet;
Ballot boxes must not leave the room
until they have all been counted, results entered into the national database or
local computers for later upload if necessary, tally sheets for each candidate
filled out and notarized by the chief elections officer at that voting station,
scanned or photographed for later upload to a public database and then gathered
into a container that clearly marks the voting station precinct information in
indelible ink; the container to be locked with a tamper-proof seal;
Ballots and tally sheets will be sent
to a central storage facility and retained for at least three months after the
term of office commences, unless the vote is challenged; in which case they
shall be retained for one year;
If there is suspicion of vote fraud,
challengers must file a notarized Writ of Election Challenge to the county
clerk which states the grounds for challenge.
A county clerk filing notice must be presented to the county sheriff. The sheriff and challenger shall attend to
the central storage facility to secure the premises and verify the integrity of
precinct box seals, and commence the recount of each precinct with the chief
election officers of each precinct in attendance;
Upon a recount, all precincts shall
be recounted and any tally sheets in discrepancy with the originals will be
filed on the national database just as the original counts were. If there are irregularities, the sheriff
shall undertake an investigation and press any charges for election tampering
if warranted.
Proposed.
Section 1.
The seventeenth article of amendment
to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
Section 2.
To ensure fair elections and
honorable conduct in legislatures, all elections must adhere to the following
rules and procedures:
No candidate in any federal, state or
local election may receive more than $10,000 from any one contributor, whether
private or corporate and all contributions must be publicly disclosed;
No contributor may contribute to more
than one particular candidate per election;
All candidates will be afforded
campaign funding in their electoral district as follows on a daily basis: One
quarter-page advertisement in every district newspaper, Four one-minute
television spots on every district television station with two in prime time
and two in the next best time slot, One sixty-second spot per hour on each
radio station;
Advertisements will commence sixty
days prior to an election;
An invitation to every publicized
debate established for candidates running for that particular office.
Candidates are free to use the
internet to campaign any way they see fit and the costs of hosting that
campaign on a web server to a maximum of $100,000 will be borne by the state
with the provision that only one domain name will be supported and advertising
their site on other sites will be constrained to $10,000;
Any act of bribery, unreported
campaign contribution or unreported coercion will be considered an act of Treason
and all parties to it will face the same punishment;
No political candidate may serve more
than one term of office in any federal, state or local government;
The electoral districts for the House
of Representatives shall be evenly divided according to population within one
percent, based on the last 10 year census and reallocated within a year of the
completion of that census; first with regard to state boundaries and then with
states immediately adjacent so that where possible the electoral district will
be contained within a single border.
Proposed.
Section 1.
Any government civil servant or
elected official who engages in an act of malfeasance shall not be immune to
prosecution. Any offended party may lay
a charge and have them brought to answer at trial before a jury of peers.
Section 2.
Any government civil servant or
elected official who engages in an act of misfeasance shall not be immune to sanction
or prosecution. Any offended party may
report the employee to the employee's supervisor or to their elected
representative and that employee will be advised of the complaint. Repeated offenses will be grounds for
termination. The intent of this clause
is that our government employees are to be servants and not abusers of the
people they were hired to serve.
Section 3.
The president of the United States
shall not have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the
United States for any reason whatsoever.
Proposed.
Section 1.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; Congress shall make no law or engage in
any act abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press;
Section 2.
The people reserve the right to
peaceably assemble in any public place and for any reasonable duration of time
as long as it does not effectively block a thoroughfare and such assembly does
not lead to the permanent defacing or destruction of public property; the
people may petition the Government for a redress of grievances and any petition
containing five thousand signatures or more must be immediately and publically
responded to. Such petitions must preempt any government business at hand so
that the will of the people is not frustrated by an unresponsive government. If a second petition must be presented by the
people for substantially the same grievance, a Jury shall be assembled and
those elected officials in government responsible for acting in bad faith will
be held accountable; the Jury's ruling shall be final.
Section 3.
No legislation will be voted on
within either the Senate or House of Representatives without there being at
least two thirds of the representatives of each respective House being
present. All legislators present must
vote Yea or Nay. Abstentions are not
permissible.
Proposed.
Section 1.
The sixteenth article of amendment to
the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
Section 2.
The Internal Revenue Service and all
tax courts are hereby dissolved, effective immediately.
Section 3.
Section 4 of the fourteenth article
of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
Proposed.
Section 1.
No person shall be required to pay
property tax on any possessions. Any
real property purchased in consideration of full payment or acquired by any
other lawful means shall be deemed held in allodium by such person and titled
accordingly. If a real property has been
pledged as collateral for a loan and misfortune should befall the owner so that
the real property must be surrendered to satisfy the loan, the real property
shall revert back to the owner on the jubilee year that shall fall at the turn
of each century and the start of the 50th year of each century. In the event of foreclosure and until the
next jubilee, the creditor shall have unencumbered use of the collateral real
property.
Section 2.
All sales of real property must be
approved by abutting neighbors, as a concession, so as to preserve their
property values if the real property is to be rezoned for any purpose other
than as used by the present owner. In
the event a property is abandoned as unoccupied for a period of seven years or
more, any third party may file a petition with the county to acquire the
property and after filing appropriate notice to the present titled owner, the
county will issue a quit-claim deed and affect the transfer of ownership. If
land is owned, it must be put to the use for which it was acquired within seven
years or it must revert back to county ownership.
Section 3.
It is explicitly delegated as the
county's duty as administrator of public lands to ensure that all those
residents who desire property for a homestead shall be satisfied but that such
decision to allocate particular tracts of land will be weighed in the best
interests of the county at large and for the preservation of nature. Any administrator who accepts any bribe and
any person who offers such bribe with respect to land homesteading will be guilty
of Treason.
Section 4.
All property presently titled in the
name of any government jurisdiction hereby reverts to the beneficial owner.
Section 5.
No private property may be
expropriated by any government authority for any reason whatsoever, unless by
the full consent and satisfaction of terms which are to be dictated solely by
the lawful owner. Furthermore, the same
consent and satisfaction of terms must be granted and received by all the
abutting property owners lest their property values be diminished by the use
for which it is being expropriated without receiving just compensation.
Section 6.
All land presently deemed federal or
state public land is hereby acceded to the counties in which each tract of land
presently resides. If there be no county
interest, the land shall be evenly partitioned and granted to the abutting
counties within state lines. Each county
government shall administer the land and decide its best use in consideration
of the best interests of its immediate residents.
Section 7.
A person's labor is that person's
private property and held in allodium.
Section 8.
All fictitious persons, also known as
nom de guerre or natural persons attributable to flesh-and-blood human beings
are hereby declared null and void. All
legislation that presently refers to persons or natural persons shall be deemed
to refer to a human being.
Section 9.
The Fourteenth Amendment Section 1 is
hereby rescinded in its entirety as a violation of the previous section
amendment. There is only one form of
citizenship in the United States of America and that is the citizen of the
State in which they are born who is also by extension a citizen of these
several United States.
Section 10.
All District of Columbia
jurisdictions are hereby granted statehood.
The federal capital of Washington is a state that has the special
distinction of being the seat of the federal government.
Section 11.
All Native American Indian treaties
that have ever been entered into shall be brought forth by surviving tribe
members who can prove their heritage and the treaties will be honored to the
fullest extent possible. If they cannot
be honored for practical interests that meet the greater good of all affected
parties, an alternate treaty will be renegotiated that meets the spirit and
intent of the original treaty. Public
lands are appropriate negotiable lands for treaty settlement purposes. Treaty lands will be in the same states of
the original grant and be of a character and quality that was originally
granted. Any disputes will be resolved by a jury of 12
of which half shall come from the tribe population and half from the electoral
district in which the dispute occurs and members will be selected at random per
article XXIX requirements.
Proposed.
Section 1.
The National Credit Office is hereby
established and commissioned as follows:
Regulate the issuing and retiring of
all of the nation's supply of money with the express goal of optimizing the
efficiency of the nation's consumption of its own production;
Pay for its own operations out of
funding issued by itself based upon an approved budget;
Provide all funding necessary for the
operation of all federal, state and local governments; to be issued to same
upon ratification of their budgets by their duly elected legislative
assemblies;
Operate autonomously from all other
branches of government so as not to be under any external corrupting
influences. Any officer or employee of
the National Credit Office who is found guilty of committing any act of
misfeasance shall be terminated immediately.
Any officer or employee, along with any external accomplices found
guilty of engaging in any act of malfeasance shall be guilty of Treason;
Establish a Bureau of Economic
Statistics that shall measure on a quarter-annual basis: The costs of
production attributable to wages, earnings, dividends and any other expenditures that put purchasing power
directly into the hands of domestic consumers; All other costs of production
which by definition do not add consumer purchasing power; The cost of all goods
and services produced which presumably add up to the sum of the first two
statistical items and thus the amount of effective demand needed in the
economy; The price of all goods and services consumed by the nation; The price
of all goods and services imported and exported; The ratio of production to
consumption to assist in regulating the issue of effective demand; The ratio of
imports to exports to assess the balance of trade;
Establish a Bureau of Imports and
Exports whose mandate is to ensure that the nation's trade with partner nations
is balanced and fair. This bureau is
empowered with the ability to levy import and export taxes to enforce fair
trade policy;
Establish a bureau of bank regulation
to audit and monitor the nation's banks to ensure that they lend money at
interest only in proportion to funds on hand;
Issue interest-free loans to
producers and consumers with the express mandate of maximizing the nation's
self-sufficiency in every industry, by optimizing the efficiency of the
nation's production of goods and services and encouraging domestic production
of all of the nation's wealth, so as not to be beholden to any foreign nation;
Issue any shortfall in effective
demand needed by consumers to meet the price of producers; to be paid into
circulation as a national dividend to every citizen over the age of eighteen
and as a national sales credit payable only to residents of the nation for the
purchase of consumer goods and services.
National dividends shall be credited directly to the domestic bank
accounts of residents as so directed by them.
National sales credits shall be credited directly to consumers at the
point of purchase. Administrative steps
must be taken to prevent fraud. Any
conviction for fraud will result in the suspension of the National Dividend of
the guilty party or parties for not less than one year for the first conviction
and an additional year added for every conviction thereafter, in addition to
restitution judgment as the jury sees fit.
Section 2.
The National Credit Office shall be
reviewed annually by a random Jury of twelve people who:
Appoint independent auditors at their
complete discretion who will be empowered to fully scrutinize all of the
computers, records, contracts, documents and any information they deem necessary
to conduct a thorough review;
Approve the next year's funding
budget as submitted by the National Credit Office;
File criminal charges against any
person or persons found engaged in any acts of malfeasance with respect to the
integrity of the nation's money supply;
Fire any person or persons found engaged
in any acts of misfeasance;
Review the accounting firm's findings
and recommendations and release a public report summarizing all of their
collective findings.
Section 3.
The Federal Reserve Act and all
subsequent revisions are hereby repealed and the Federal Reserve is hereby
ordered dissolved. All currency issued to the public, but not in the possession
of banks and financial institutions, as Federal Reserve Notes will be
converted to money issued on par by the National Credit Office, as will all
bank deposits of US residents.
Fractional reserves are hereby outlawed.
Money may only be loaned at interest which is actually on hand by the
lender and whose use of same has been given up to the creditor.
Proposed.
Section 1.
The following sentence shall be added
to all oaths of office; "I hereby renounce all oaths I have previously taken and the benefits
afforded by them in favor of this higher office and higher cause. I hereby declare those previous oaths to be <then specify>." A violation of the oath of office is an act
of Treason and shall be dealt with accordingly.
Section 2.
Any person serving in the military or working in any public institution under a chain of command who is presented with an order that they know in full conscience to be a violation of their oath of office, may disregard that oath by advising their superior of the grounds for disobeying the order and at the earliest convenience, informing that superior's superior of the incident. That person shall be held harmless for such disregard for orders. The superior who issued an order that violates the oath of office shall be brought to trial to face a jury of 12 for the charge of treason.
Section 3.
The 22nd amendment Section 1 shall be
further amended to allow only one term of office for the President and Vice
President. All Congressmen, Senators and
Supreme Court justices are also to only serve a single six-year term of office
and will be ineligible to hold that office for a second term.
Proposed.
Executive orders of our Presidents
are edicts of a king and they have no place in our Republic. All executive orders issued to date are
hereby declared null and void. No
executive orders are permissible by any elected official or holder of any
public office from this day forth.
Proposed.
Section 1.
All legislation proposed by the House
of Representatives and the Senate shall contain of only one essential item of
business. No tagging of unrelated
appropriations or legislation is permitted.
Each piece of legislation shall be preceded by a single cover page that
concisely states the purpose and substance of the bill.
Section 2.
All statutory laws that have been
written to date and that contain more than one essential item of business per Section
1 shall be declared null and void.
The Book
Download your own personal a copy of my book: Economic Cures "They" Don't Want You to Know About to get the whole story. Find it on the home page of this web site.